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Jan Crull, Jr. is a Native American rights advocate, attorney,〔"a,b,c,d." ''American Bar Association Membership Directory 2000-2001'' Vol I. White Plains, New York: Bernard C. Harris Publishing Company, Inc. 2001. p. 509 Crull's entry includes "...J.D. Tulane Univ. Law Sch., B.A. Dalhousie Univ., MA Univ. of Chicago." On page ''iv'', Robert A. Stein, the Executive Director of the American Bar Association, states that "...at the start of the new millennium, the American Bar Association has chosen to produce its first-ever comprehensive member directory."〕 and filmmaker. ==Involvement with Native American matters== From 1979 to the beginning of 1981, Jan Crull, Jr. was a volunteer on the Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation in New Mexico 〔Ramah, New Mexico is adjacent to the west of the Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation;El Morro National Monument is to its east〕 where he made many contributions to the well-being of the Ramah Navajos.〔Crull worked on various reservation problems (affecting the well-being of the Ramah Navajos,i.e., housing, health, etc.); his correspondence addressing them and proposals for solving them are archived at the following: the Rockefeller Brothers Fund; the William Donner Foundation; the Ford Foundation's Prudential-Ford Foundation Initiative; the Center for Community Change; and others. His overall work product is the property of the Ramah Navajo School Board, Inc., and the Ramah Navajo Chapter of the Navajo Nation〕 Although a volunteer, a title - '' Assistant to the President and the Chapter ''(the reservation's local government) - was conferred upon him by a community vote already in mid August 1979. His securing Federal legislation ''Public Law 96-333 ''〔http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-94/pdf/STATUTE-94-Pg1060.pdf '94 STAT. 1060 PUBLIC LAW 96-333--AUG. 29,1980 Public La...']; (Jimmy Carter: "ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Week Ending, "August 29, 1980. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, ''The American Presidency Project''. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=44971. )〕 was a major accomplishment for it provided the Ramah Navajos with a legal right to lands that they had been living on for generations 〔Cindy Yurth. ''Wolves, moonshine and Billy the Kid''-Chapter Series. Navajo Times. December 26, 2013: http://navajotimes.com/news/chapters/122613ramah.php (paragraph six cites Crull as having "...pushed through Public Law 96-333, giving the Ramah Navajo rights to their lands".〕 and which made the people living on the lands in question eligible for the services and benefits provided by Federal government agencies and departments.〔John Melcher,chair. Select Committee on Indian Affairs, U.S. Senate. Hearing: ''S. 1730, To Declare That Title To Certain Lands In The State Of New Mexico Are Held In Trust By The United States For The Ramah Band Of The Navajo Tribe '',November 20, 1979.pp.: 268 Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office 1980 In his testimony, Crull presents the Ramah Navajo land issue as a mere title transfer of land which the Ramah Navajo were entitled to historically and which had already been set aside for them by the U.S. Government; the sought after legislation would also help dispel many of the social ills which would prevail without it. His testimony was an attempt to divorce the Ramah Navajo land matter from the Star Lake coal fields controversy because any reference to it is absent as it is in the testimonies of the other witnesses with whom he had worked or seen, including those from the Administration.〕 The legislation had had a turbulent nineteen-year history because of disputes regarding it within the New Mexican Congressional delegation, the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs of the U.S. House of Representatives, and local Navajo and Navajo Nation politics and between all of them because of its ties to railroad right-of-ways to the Starlake Coal Fields. While others, including U.S. senators and lawyers from leading Washington, D.C.firms, had been unsuccessful in seeking Congressional action on this matter, Crull had succeeded.〔Crull did this by working in close association with the ''United States Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs''(then composed of U.S. Senators John Melcher, Daniel K. Inouye, Dennis DeConcini, William S. Cohen, and Mark O. Hatfield); and the New Mexican Congressional delegation (U.S. Senator Harrison Schmitt and especially U. S. Senator Pete Domenici and U.S. Congressman Manuel Lujan, Jr.). He also walked the corridors of the Hill knocking on the doors of the rest of the U.S. Senate membership other than those of Jesse Helms and Strom Thurmond and the door of each Congressman/woman including non-voting members representing the U.S. Virgin Islands (Melvin H. Evans), Puerto Rico (Baltasar Corrada) and Guam (Antonio Won Pat). In his meetings with them, Crull would always make the Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation's plight germane to each individual member's interests. It was his sheer personality and reasoning which won many of them over since he had nothing to barter with for he was not representing a major corporation with its dollars and jobs or a constituency that could deliver votes. Through these means Crull built a coalition of diverse political bedfellows, ranging from the liberal Claude Pepper to the ultra conservative Steve Symms. He also encountered stiff opposition; and it even came from the unexpected. There were several U.S. House members, such as Thomas Foley and Morris K. Udall who had been dubbed "Indian Angels" because of their past championing of Native American causes. A few of them opposed the Ramah Navajo legislation for reasons including the wanting of a railroad right-of-way to the Star Lake coal fields because they were a potential energy source for power companies within the four states comprising the ''Four Corners Area''. Crull learned that the United States Department of Commerce had conducted an environmental impact study illuminating the adverse effect the railroads' access to Star Lake would have. In a chance encounter with the then United States Secretary of Commerce, Crull explained the Ramah Navajos' circumstances; the fact that a study existed; and the need to have a copy of it. A copy was subsequently given to him which he then shared with the chairman of the Navajo Nation, Peter MacDonald, and key Congressional members.〕 In obtaining it, he also taught the Ramah Navajo how to succeed in obtaining all mineral rights underlying the lands he had secured for them with ''Public Law 97-434 ''. Crull's work for the Ramah Navajos led to his nomination for the ''Rockefeller Public Service Award '' in 1981. His nomination was endorsed by U.S. Senators 〔U.S. Senators DeConcini and Melcher were members of the ''U.S. Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs'' then, now a permanent committee United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs ,with whom Crull had closely worked as he did with its other members William S. Cohen, Mark O. Hatfield and Daniel K. Inouye〕 and U.S. Congressman who had worked with him to secure passage through both houses of the U.S. Congress, specifically Dennis DeConcini, Pete Domenici, Manuel Lujan, Jr., John Melcher, and Paul Simon.〔I.W. Reed. ''Rockeffer Public Service Awards Announcement '', Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University. Nov. 9, 1981 - stating that Crull had been a nominee in 1981〕 In the early 1980s, Jan Crull, Jr., served as a professional staffer with the U. S. House of Representatives' Subcommittee on Postsecondary Education 〔Paul Simon was the subcommittee's chairman. Its membership included William D. Ford, Peter Peyser, Joseph M. Gaydos, Ted Weiss, Ike Andrews, and Dennis E. Eckart of the majority with Carl D. Perkins ''ex officio''; and the minority being represented by E. Thomas Coleman, John N. Erlenborn, Arlen Erdahl, Lawrence J. DeNardis and Wendell Bailey. The subcommittee and its members were part of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Education and Labor whose other members included Augustus F. Hawkins, Philip Burton, William (Bill) Clay, Mario Biaggi, George Miller, Austin J. Murphy, Baltasar Corrada, Ray Kogovsek, Pat Williams, William R. Ratchford, Dale Kildee, and Harold Washington for the majority; and the minority being represented by John M. Ashbrook, James M. Jeffords, William F. Goodling, Ken Kramer, Thomas E. Petri, Millicent Fenwick, Marge Roukema, Eugene Johnston, and Larry E. Craig. Crull had already gotten to know most of them quite well earlier through his work on behalf of the Ramah Navajos.〕 then chaired by Paul Simon. Crull was responsible for developing legislation reauthorizing the ''Tribal College Act''(''The Tribally Controlled Community College Assistance Act ''), creating special provisions for Native Americans in the ''Library Services Construction Act '', and other matters related to Indian education. Sensing the negative impact of what would subsequently be called Reaganomics on Indian education and especially the Tribal Colleges, he called for a meeting of all tribal college presidents and other Indian leaders on the afternoon of July 21, 1981 at the now defunct American Indian Bank in Washington, D.C. There he proposed the creation of an American Indian College Fund akin to the United Negro College Fund and having the U.S. government provide matching funds to a level determined by the U.S. Congress. This "matching idea" was based on the reworking of the old ''Allen Bill'' language and incorporating it in the reauthorization legislation for the tribal colleges.〔Paul Simon,chair. Subcommittee on Postsecondary Education of the Committee on Education and Labor, U.S. House of Representatives. Hearing: ''Oversight Hearing on Tribally Controlled Community College Assistance Act '',July 23, 1981. pp.: 161 Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1982 This hearing was the oversight for this public law's first reauthorization and one which Crull shaped.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jan Crull, Jr.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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